Inflammation is the initial response of the host to a diverse array of biological stressors including bacterial infection, burns, trauma, and invasive surgery. Most inflammatory reactions begin as a suppurative or purulent exudation process when the first line of cellular defense, the neutrophils, accumulate in the area which may lead to the formation of microabscesses. This article on microabscess is an effort in providing information available about microabscess from various sources. The matter has been extracted from internet sources with the help of Google search, dictionaries, and articles from the online journals, and textbooks. In this paper, we have discussed the mechanism behind the formation, regression of microabscess and the different types of microabscesses that have appeared in the literature related to different disease processes.

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The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with coronally advanced flap (CAF) to connective tissue graft (CTG) with CAF in the treatment of localized Miller's Class I and II gingival recessions. Systematic review was limited to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on the treatment of Miller Class I and II gingival recessions with at least 6 months of follow-up. Articles from January 1 1990 to June 2014 related to ADM were searched utilizing the MEDLINE database from the National Library of Medicine and through hand searches of reviews and recent journals. The primary outcome variable was root coverage (RC). A total of 248 Miller Class I and II gingival recessions in 143 patients from 10 RCTs were evaluated in this systematic review. Data collected by this study connote the following: There were no significant differences between ADM with CAF and CTG with CAF for recession coverage, and both procedures may be equally effective in clinical practice. Within the limitations of this study, it appears that ADM-based periodontal plastic surgery can be used successfully to treat gingival recession defects and to increase keratinized gingiva.

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Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is an extremely rare benign odontogenic tumor with a relative frequency between 1.5% and 4.5%, which usually occurs in the first two decades of life. AF is a true mixed tumor, in which the epithelial and the ectomesenchymal elements are neoplastic. There are two variants of AF: Neoplastic and hamartomatous. Although the histopathology of hamartomatous and neoplastic variants of AF are indistinguishable, clinical, and radiologic features can be of some help to distinguish between them. Asymptomatic small unilocular lesions with no or minimal bone expansion in young individuals are likely to be developing odontomas, and large, expansile lesions with extensive bone destruction are neoplasms. We herein describe a massive AF involving mandible in a 12-year-old female patient, suggestive of the neoplastic variant, with a special reference to its aspiration cytologic findings. Fine-needle aspiration cytologic smears showed two different types of cellular elements: A gland like epithelial component, arranged in well-outlined clusters of basaloid cells with palisading of the columnar cells at the borders of those clusters, and a mesenchymal component that consisted of loosely arranged fusiform cells. These cytologic features appear to be sufficiently characteristic to suggest a diagnosis of AF by fine-needle aspiration. However, the confirmatory diagnosis was made on the basis of histopathology, which proved it to be an AF.

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Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) was described as a distinct odontogenic tumor by Stafne in 1948. It is the fourth most common odontogenic tumor which is benign, slowly growing and has three variants, follicular, extrafollicular, and peripheral. A follicular variety of AOT will be associated with an impacted tooth and most commonly gets confused with the dentigerous cyst. It is known fact that odontogenic cysts can be associated with odontogenic tumors. There are very few case reports of AOT arising within the dentigerous cyst. It's difficult to assess the behavior or treatment modifications for such type of lesions as the reported cases are less. They are treated conservatively by curettage and enucleation as both are benign in nature. Here, we report a case of AOT arising from the dentigerous cyst with an impacted canine in the anterior maxilla in a 14-year-old boy with emphasis placed on clinical, radiographic, and histological features in addition to its surgical management.

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Context: The therapeutic procedures used in the treatment of caries do not always eliminate all the microorganisms. The persisting cariogenic bacteria can cause recurrent caries leading to failure of the restoration. Hence, incorporation of an agent with enhanced antimicrobial effect into the restorative material may be of paramount significance. Aim: To study the effect of 1% xylitol (XYL) (artificial sweetener) and 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) diacetate on antibacterial property against Streptococcus mutans and physical properties of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC). Settings and Design: An experimental in vitro intergroup randomized control trial. Materials and Methods: Study consisted of three test groups: Group 1 (conventional GIC), Group 2 (GIC + 1% XYL), and Group 3 (GIC + 1% CHX diacetate). A total of 135 samples were evaluated for antibacterial activity against S. mutans after 48 h and 7 days, and physical properties – compressive strength after 24 h and 7 days and setting time. Statistical Analysis: Multiple group comparison was made using one-way analysis of variance complemented by Tukey's post-hoc test, and intragroup comparison was made by Student's paired and unpaired t-test. Results: At the end of 48 h and 7 days, Group 3 exhibited highest antibacterial effect and Group 1 (control) showed the highest compressive strength after 24 h and 7 days, setting time was slightly prolonged for Groups 2 and 3. Group 2 and 3 exhibited a similar effect on physical properties. Conclusion: CHX diacetate displayed superior antibacterial activity, although both CHX and XYL affected the physical properties of conventional GIC to an equal extent.

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Background: Oral diseases can complicate pregnancy and labor, and in turn can affect the health of the baby. Such problems may be minimized if there is a well-coordinated interdisciplinary approach between dentists and gynecologists. Aim: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and the practice of gynecologists practicing in Davangere city toward the prevention of oral diseases. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among gynecologists in Davangere city. A predesigned and pilot tested structured questionnaire were distributed. The questionnaire consisted of questions pertaining to risk factors for dental caries, gingivitis and malocclusion, attitude about the routine dental visit, the role of gynecologists, and their interest to be a part of an interdisciplinary approach to prevent oral diseases. The participants were given sufficient time to answer the questionnaire. The descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS software. Results: Poor oral hygiene was recognized as the risk factor for dental caries by 85% of participants. A vast majority of 93.9% was willing to refer their patients to dentists. Only 68.7% were found to examine the oral cavity of their patients, and nearly, 50% of participants said that they will refer their patient to visit a dentist in the first trimester. Conclusion: Gynecologists seem to embrace a fair knowledge about oral diseases. Their attitudes toward the prevention of oral diseases were positive, whereas, their practice toward the prevention of oral diseases needs improvement.

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This case report describes an alternative to surgical reconstruction of the ear using silicon rubber material in a 37-year-old female patient, who had an external defect in the pinna. The affected region was the scapha portion of the external ear. This prosthesis is cost-effective and cosmetically accepted to improve the quality of life.

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Socket and ridge preservation are emerging as innovative techniques to minimize the postextraction hard and soft tissue collapse. The exaggerated tissue loss in case of compromised sockets often presents an esthetic and prosthetic dilemma to the clinician. This case report shows the potential of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) in conjunction with human chorion membrane to manage such a case. A 22-year-old male patient underwent a tooth extraction due to a failed endodontic treatment. A missing buccal wall of socket was managed by using ridge preservation using DFDBA in conjunction with the human chorion membrane. Six months follow-up revealed that the loss of tissue height was 0.36 mm, and loss of tissue width was found to be 2.04 mm. Use of DFDBA in conjunction with human chorion membrane proved to be effective in minimizing soft/hard tissue loss and also helped in some amount of tissue gain.

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