Vascular malformations constitute embryonic abnormality of the vascular system due to abnormal development in the blood vessels, lymph vessels, veins, and/or arteries. They comprise approximately 7% of all benign tumors and can lead to serious local and systemic complications. Venous malformations (VMs) constitute a spectrum of vascular malformations with a prevalence rate of 1% and incidence of approximately 2 in 10,000. Even though rare in the oral cavity, when present, they are persistent and progressive in nature and are associated with extensive blood loss. VMs are a diagnostic challenge to clinicians because of its lethal benign nature and are often confused with other vascular malformations. Radiologists play a key role in diagnosing and advising an appropriate treatment for these lesions. Management of VMs includes use of sclerosing agents, laser therapy, and surgical excision. This case report presents a rare case of VM occurring in the right mandibular buccal vestibule in a 17-year-old male patient which was treated using a sclerosing agent, polidocanol 1%.

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Chronic inflammatory hyperplasia is a reactive soft-tissue lesion. These lesions represent a reaction to some kind of irritation or low-grade injuries such as chewing, trapped food, calculus, fractured teeth, and iatrogenic factors, including overextended flanges of dentures and overhanging dental restorations. Treatment includes surgical excision of lesion and regular follow-up for the recurrence. Radicular cysts are the most common of all jaw cysts and comprise about 52%–68% of all the cysts affecting the human jaws. Radicular cysts arise from the epithelial residues in the periodontal ligament as a result of inflammation. They generally result due to pulpal infection following dental caries. Treatment comprises enucleation of cyst and endodontic treatment of tooth. These are two entities were irrelevant, and occurrence of these two entities in a single individual was an averment of patients' negligence and lack of oral hygiene awareness among patients of lower social economy. A complete case report accompanied with emphasis on hygiene awareness was depicted in this present case report.

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Partial or complete fingers are the most commonly encountered forms of partial hand losses. Although finger amputations are commonly due to traumatic injuries, digit loss may also be attributed to congenital malformations and disease. Irrespective of the etiology, the loss of a finger has a considerable functional and psychological impact on an individual. Maxillofacial prostheses replace the lost body parts using the silicone materials to alleviate these problems, and partial or complete finger prosthesis may be fabricated. This clinical report portrays a method to fabricate silicone rubber prosthesis for a patient who had a partial amputated thumb caused due to trauma. These prostheses support the patients physically as well as psychologically, thus enhancing their confidence and social acceptance.

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There are a number of pathological conditions that may affect the lips. Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare disorder characterized by hyperplasia of the labial mucous glands and mixed salivary glands as well as by ectasia of salivary glands ducts. It is a rare condition and most commonly involves the lower lip of adult males with little predilection for females. The exact etiology of this condition is unknown, but various agents have been linked. In this paper, we report a rare case of CG of the superficial suppurative type in a 20-year-old Indian female affecting upper and lower lip which was diagnosed based on clinical and histopathological findings and was treated with steroids. The present case is different because of its occurrence in a young aged female with the involvement of both lips. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment and frequent monitoring and follow-up are necessary to prevent further complications.

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Introduction: An integral aspect of pediatric dental care is to initially provide parents with the information of behavior management techniques (BMTs) and a mechanism by which parents can participate in treatment decisions of their child. The present study aims to assess the parental acceptance of the advanced BMTs in North Indian population and its association with several possible factors. Materials and Methods: A study sample of 200 parents accompanying their children aged 3–9 years who were demonstrating Frankl's 1 and 2 behavior and could not be managed by basic BMTs were randomly selected. The parents were verbally explained, and then, a video was demonstrated about the two included techniques – protective stabilization (PS) and sedation/general anesthesia; and subsequently asked to mention their preference between the two techniques in the questionnaire. Results: The parents of children in the age group of 3–6 years were more accepting to PS than sedation/general anesthesia as the preferred BMT with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). About 90% of the rural parents preferred PS oversedation (P < 0.001). Other variables such as gender, birth order, and general behavior of the child at home, educational and professional status of the parents were found to statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Parents of younger children (3–6 years) and those belonging to rural areas showed more acceptance for PS oversedation/general anesthesia. It is hoped that the data presented here will be valuable to the dentist for planning treatment and allow its completion effectively and efficiently.

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, one of the major noncommunicable diseases, has emerged as a global societal catastrophe and is the leading cause of illness, disability, and death. The risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 such as age, gender, and family history are nonmodifiable factors while others such as smoking, diet, physical activity, and hypertension are modifiable factors. Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) provides a useful tool to identify the people at risk of developing the disease and to target those individuals for further screening and educating them for healthy lifestyle so that the occurrence of the disease can be delayed or prevented. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted on 102 BDS 1^st year students (17 boys and 85 girls) of the age group 17–21 years. All the students were assessed for their risk to develop the disease using Indian Diabetes Risk Score (IDRS) and oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) using Glucometer (CareSens™II). Results: The study revealed that out of 102 students, 35.3% and 64.7% students were in low- and moderate-risk groups, respectively. No student belonged to the high-risk group. Percentage of girls in moderate risk was significantly higher than boys. Mean blood sugar in girls was more. Two girls were suffering from impaired fasting glucose. Seven students (6.9%) including 2 boys (11.8%) and 5 girls (5.9%) depicted flat GTT curve with all values below 100 mg/dl. Conclusion: Higher risk of disease in girls is largely due to their lack of exercise which is a modifiable factor and can thus be protected from the disease by adopting healthy lifestyle. History of the disease (nonmodifiable factor) is the risk factor in boys to be prone to the disease in their future and thus requires a regular screening and monitoring of blood sugar level.

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Introduction: Smoking cessation with an added tooth-whitening effect in nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) may increase motivation to quit smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of NRT-whitening agent in tooth stain reduction, being a motivational factor for smoking cessation among smokers. Materials and Methods: A pilot interventional study was conducted among thirty participants from June 2017 to August 2017. NRT-tooth whitening gum was distributed accordingly. Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) was measured using CO breath analyzer, and extrinsic tooth stain score was assessed using the modified Lobene Stain Index at baseline, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th week. Analysis of intensity and area score for tooth stain, cigarettes consumption, and CO level comparison at baseline, 2^nd, 3^rd, and 4^th week was performed using the Friedman test. Correlation between CO value and stain reduction value was performed using Pearson correlation test. Results: The difference in mean change in stain index scores, cigarettes consumption, and CO level between baseline and 4^th week was statistically significant (P = 0.001). With regard to correlation between stain index score and CO value, statistically significant difference was found between total stain index value for lingual surface and CO value at 4^th week(P = 0.00). Conclusion: The present study results provide evidence that the NRT-tested chewing gums can contribute to a better overall oral hygiene by removing the stain on the tooth surface, thereby motivate smokers to abstain from the habit.

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Stem cells are unique cells which possess the ability to grow rapidly and have the potential to develop into specialized cell types in the body. Stem cell-based therapies in dentistry could help in new advances in treating damaged teeth, inducing bone regeneration, and even making a biological tooth a possibility. Whole tooth regeneration to replace the traditional dental implants is also in pipeline. Tissue-engineering applications using dental stem cells may promote more rapid healing of oral wounds and ulcers as well as the use of gene transfer methods to manipulate salivary proteins, and oral microbial colonization patterns are promising and possible. Stem cells of dental origin have multiple applications; nevertheless, there are certain limitations as well. The oncogenic potential of these cells is still to be determined in long-term clinical studies if we are to realize the benefits, meet the challenges, and avoid the risks. This review is an attempt to highlight the pros and cons of stem cells in dentistry.

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This literature review was aimed to assess the quality of oral health care provided by dental professionals and the satisfaction of dental undergraduates, graduates, and postgraduates in their profession. Most of the dental students and graduate staff members are satisfied in their profession and are interested in pursuing masters in dental surgery. A significant number of dental professionals are satisfied in their profession. Their main cause of dissatisfaction was low salary. Main causes of satisfaction on standards of oral health care were found to be willingness to listen to dental problems and cleanliness of the treatment area. The main cause of dissatisfaction was significantly slow management of dental problems.

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